श्रीभगवानुवाच
भूय एव महाबाहो शृणु मे परमं वचः
यत्तेऽहं प्रीयमाणाय वक्ष्यामि हितकाम्यया
ഭൂയ ഏവ മഹാബാഹോ ശൃണു മേ പരമം വചഃ
യത്തേഽഹം പ്രീയമാണായ വക്ഷ്യാമി ഹിതകാമ്യയാ
śrībhagavānuvāca
bhūya eva mahābāho śṛṇu me paramaṃ vacaḥ
yatte.ahaṃ prīyamāṇāya vakṣyāmi hitakāmyayā
English Translation
The Blessed Lord said O mighty-armed one, listen over again ot My supreme utterance, which I, wishing your welfare, shall speak to you who take delight (in it).
AdiyogiArts gita-json · https://github.com/AdiyogiArts/gita-json (MIT License)
Explanation · English
I shall repeat what I said before (in the seventh and the ninth discourses). My essential nature and My manifestations have already been pointed out. As it is very difficult to understand the divine nature? I shall describe it once more to you? although it has been described already. I shall tell you of the divine glories and point out in which forms of being I should be thought of.I will speak to you as you are delighted to hear Me. Now your heart is taking delight in Me.The Lord wants to encourage Arjuna and cheer him up and so He Himself comes forward to give instructions to Arjuna even without his reest.Paramam Vachah supreme word. Paramam means supreme? revealing the unsurpassed truth (Niratisaya Vastu which is Brahman).O Arjuna You are immensely delighted with My speech? as if you are drinking the immortalising nectar.
न मे विदुः सुरगणाः प्रभवं न महर्षयः
अहमादिर्हि देवानां महर्षीणां च सर्वशः
ന മേ വിദുഃ സുരഗണാഃ പ്രഭവം ന മഹര്ഷയഃ
അഹമാദിര്ഹി ദേവാനാം മഹര്ഷീണാം ച സര്വ്വശഃ
na me viduḥ suragaṇāḥ prabhavaṃ na maharṣayaḥ
ahamādirhi devānāṃ maharṣīṇāṃ ca sarvaśaḥ
English Translation
Neither the gods nor the great sages know My majesty. For, in all respects, I am the source of the gods and the great sages.
AdiyogiArts gita-json · https://github.com/AdiyogiArts/gita-json (MIT License)
Explanation · English
Prabhavam Origin. It may also mean great lordly power.Maharshis great sages like Bhrigu.As I am the source of all these gods? sages and living beings? it is very difficult for them to know Me.Sarvasah In every way -- not only am I the source of all the gods and the sages but also their efficient cause? their inner ruler and the dispenser or ordainer and the guide of their intellect? etc.
यो मामजमनादिं च वेत्ति लोकमहेश्वरम्
असम्मूढः स मर्त्येषु सर्वपापैः प्रमुच्यते
യോ മാമജമനാദിം ച വേത്തി ലോകമഹേശ്വരം
അസമ്മൂഢഃ സ മര്ത്യേഷു സര്വ്വപാപൈഃ പ്രമുച്യതേ
yo māmajamanādiṃ ca vetti lokamaheśvaram
asammūḍhaḥ sa martyeṣu sarvapāpaiḥ pramucyate
English Translation
He who knows Me-the birthless, the beginningless, and the great Lord of the worlds, he, the undeluded one among mortals, becomes freed from all sins.
AdiyogiArts gita-json · https://github.com/AdiyogiArts/gita-json (MIT License)
Explanation · English
As the Supreme Being is the cause of all the worlds? He is beginningless. As He is the source of the gods and the great sages? there is no source for His existence. As He is beginningless He is unborn. He is the great Lord of all the worlds.Asammudhah Undeluded. He who has realised that his own innermost Self is not different from the Supreme Self is an undeluded person. Through the removal of ignorance the delusion which is of the form of mutual superimposition between the Self and the notSelf is also removed. He is freed from all sins done consciously or unconsciously in the three periods of time.The ignorant man removes his sins through the performance of expiatory acts (Prayaschitta) and enjoyment of the results. But he is not completely freed from all sins because he continues to do sinful actions through the force of evil Samskaras or impressions because he has not eradicated ignorance? the root cause of all sins? and its effect? egoism and superimposition or the feeling of I in the physical body. As he dies? swayed by the forces of evil Samskaras? he engages himself in doing sinful actions in the next birth. But the sage of Selfrealisation is completely liberated from,all sins because ignorance? the root cause of all sins? and its effect? viz.? the mistaken notion that the body is the Self on account of mutual superimposition between the Self and the notSelf? is eradicated in toto along with the Samskaras and all the sins. The Samskaras are burnt completely like roasted seeds. Just as burnt seeds cannot germinate? so also the burnt Samskaras cannot generate further actions or future births.For the following reason also? I am the great Lord of the worlds.
बुद्धिर्ज्ञानमसम्मोहः क्षमा सत्यं दमः शमः
सुखं दुःखं भवोऽभावो भयं चाभयमेव च
ബുദ്ധിര്ജ്ഞാനമസമ്മോഹഃ ക്ഷമാ സത്യം ദമഃ ശമഃ
സുഖം ദുഃഖം ഭവോഽഭാവോ ഭയം ചാഭയമേവ ച
buddhirjñānamasammohaḥ kṣamā satyaṃ damaḥ śamaḥ
sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ bhavo.abhāvo bhayaṃ cābhayameva ca
English Translation
Intelligence, wisdom, non-delusion, forgiveness, truth, control of the external organs, control of the internal organs, happiness, sorrow, birth, death and fear as also fearlessness;
AdiyogiArts gita-json · https://github.com/AdiyogiArts/gita-json (MIT License)
Explanation · English
Intellect is the power which the Antahkarana (the fourfold inner instrument -- the mind? the subconscious mind? intellect and egoism) has of understanding subtle objects. Wisdom is knowledge of the Self. Nondelusion is freedom from illusion. It consists in acting with discrimination when anything has to be done or kown at the moment. Patience is the nonagitation of the mind when assaulted or abused. Not thinking of any harm of evil for those who ahve assulted or abused is also patience. Patience is enduring without lamentation the three kinds of pains? Adhyatmika? Adhidaivika and Adhibhautika Taapas. Fever? etc.? is Adhyatmika pain. Pain or discomfort from severe cold? heat? too much rain? thunder? and lightning is Adhidaivika pain. Pain from scorpionsting? snakite? and wild animals is Adhibhautika pain.Satyam or truth is veracity. It is speaking of ones own actual or real experience of things as actually heard or seen. There is not the least twisting or exaggeration or the slightest modification of facts. Dama or selfrestraint is control of the external senses. It is withdrawal of the senses (ear? skin? eyes? tongue and nose) from their respective objects (viz.? sound? touch? form? palatable foods and fragrance). Sama is calmness or tranillity of the mind produced by checking the mind from thinking of external objects of the senses and by disconnecting it from the senses.Sukham Happiness. That which has Dharma or virtue as its chief cause and that which is favourable to all beings? is happiness. Duhkham That which has Adhrama as its cause and that which is unfavourable to all beings? is pain.That which appears is Bhavah. Sat is Bhavah. Asat or unreality is Abhavah.
अहिंसा समता तुष्टिस्तपो दानं यशोऽयशः
भवन्ति भावा भूतानां मत्त एव पृथग्विधाः
അഹിംസാ സമതാ തുഷ്ടിസ്തപോ ദാനം യശോഽയശഃ
ഭവന്തി ഭാവാ ഭൂതാനാം മത്ത ഏവ പൃഥഗ്വിധാഃ
ahiṃsā samatā tuṣṭistapo dānaṃ yaśo.ayaśaḥ
bhavanti bhāvā bhūtānāṃ matta eva pṛthagvidhāḥ
English Translation
Non-injury, eanimity, satisfaction, austerity, charity, fame, infamy-(these) different dispositions of beings spring from Me alone.
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Explanation · English
Ahimsa is noninjury to living beings in thought? word and deed. Samata is that state wherein there is neither Raga (like) nor Dvesha (dislike)? when one gets pleasant or unpleasant objects. There is neither exhilaration when one gets pleasant or favourable objects nor depressions when one gets unpleasant or unfavourable objects. Tushtih is satisfaction or contentment. The man of contentment is satisfied with whatever object he gets through Prarabdha. He is satisfied with his present acisitions. He is free from greed and so he has peace of mind. Contentment makes a man very rich. It annihilates greed. Greed makes even a rich man a beggar of beggars. A greedy man is ever restless. Tapas is restraint of the senses? with bodily mortification through the practice of fasting and slow reduction of food. The strength of the body and the senses is reduced through fasting.Danam is beneficence. It is sharing of ones own things with others according to ones own means? or distribution of rice? gold? cloth? etc.? to a worthy person? in a fit place and time? especially to one who can do nothign in return.Yasas is fame due to Dharma or virtuous actions.Ayasah is illfame or disgrace due to Adharma or sinful actions.All these different kinds of alities of living beings arise from Me alone? the great Lord of the worlds? according to their respective Karmas.
महर्षयः सप्त पूर्वे चत्वारो मनवस्तथा
मद्भावा मानसा जाता येषां लोक इमाः प्रजाः
മഹര്ഷയഃ സപ്ത പൂര്വ്വേ ചത്വാരോ മനവസ്തഥാ
മദ്ഭാവാ മാനസാ ജാതാ യേഷാം ലോക ഇമാഃ പ്രജാഃ
maharṣayaḥ sapta pūrve catvāro manavastathā
madbhāvā mānasā jātā yeṣāṃ loka imāḥ prajāḥ
English Translation
The seven great sages as also the four Manus of anceint days, of whom are these creatures in the world, had their thoughts fixed on Me, and they were born from My mind.
AdiyogiArts gita-json · https://github.com/AdiyogiArts/gita-json (MIT License)
Explanation · English
In the beginning I was alone and from Me came the mind and from the mind were produced the seven sages (such as Bhrigu? Vasishtha and others)? the ancient four Kumaras (Sanaka? Sanandana? Sanatkumara and Sanatsujata)? as well as the four Manus of the past ages known as Savarnis? all of whom directed their thoughts to Me exclusively and were therefore endowed with divine powers and supreme wisdom.The four Kumaras (chaste? ascetic youths) declined to marry and create offspring. They preferred to remain perpetual celibates and to practise BrahmaVichara or profound meditation on Brahman or the Absolute.They were all created by Me? by mind alone. They were all mindborn sons of Brahma. They were not born from the womb like ordinary mortals. Manavah? men? the present inhabitants of this world? are the sons of Manu. The Manus are the mindborn sons of God. These creatures which consist of the moving and the unmoving beings are born of the seven great sages and the four Manus. The great sages were original teaches of BrahmaVidya or the ancient wisdom of the Upanishads. The Manus were the rulers of men. They framed the code or rules of conduct or the laws of Dharma for the guidance and uplift of humanity.The seven great sages represent the seven planes also. In the macrocosm? Mahat or cosmic Buddhi? Ahamkara or the cosmic egoism and the five Tanmatras or the five rootelements of which the five great elements? viz.? earth? water? fire? air and ether are the gross forms? represent the seven great sages. This gross universe with the moving and the unmoving beings and the subtle inner world have come out of the above seven principles. In mythology or the Puranic terminology these seven principles have been symbolised and give human names. Bhrigu? Marichi? Atri? Pulastya? Pulaha? Kratu and Vasishtha are the seven great sages.In the microcosm? Manas (mind)? Buddhi (intellect)? Chitta (subconsciousness) and Ahamkara (egoism) have been symbolised as the four Manus and given human names. The first group forms the base of the macrocosm. The second group forms the base of the microcosm (individuals). These two groups constitute this vast universe of sentient life.Madbhava with their being in Me? of My nature.
एतां विभूतिं योगं च मम यो वेत्ति तत्त्वतः
सोऽविकम्पेन योगेन युज्यते नात्र संशयः
ഏതാം വിഭൂതിം യോഗം ച മമ യോ വേത്തി തത്ത്വതഃ
സോഽവികമ്പേന യോഗേന യുജ്യതേ നാത്ര സംശയഃ
etāṃ vibhūtiṃ yogaṃ ca mama yo vetti tattvataḥ
so.avikampena yogena yujyate nātra saṃśayaḥ
English Translation
One who knows truly this majesty and yoga of Mine, he becomes imbued with unwavering Yoga. There is no doubt about this.
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Explanation · English
Knowledge of the glory of the Lord is really conducive to Yoga. He who knows in essence the immanent pervading power of the Lord by which He causes the manifestations? and His diverse manifestations (Vibhutis)? unites with Him in firm unalterable Yoga and attains eternal bliss and perfect harmony. From the ant to the Creator there is nothing except the Lord. He who knows in reality this extensive manifestation of the Lord and His Yoga (Yoga here stands for what is born of Yoga? viz.? infinite Yogic powers as well as omniscience)? is endowed with firm unwavering Yoga. He lives in the Eternal and is endowed with the highest knowledge of the Self. He who has realised this Truth is free from the superiority and inferiority complexes. There i real awakening of wisdom in him. He will behold the Lord in all beings and all beings in the Lord. He will never hate any creature on this earth. This is a rare living cosmic experience. The Yogi realises that the Lord and His manifestations are one. He attains the supreme goal and is absorbed in Him through his wholehearted devotion. He is perfectly aware of his oneness with the Supreme by My divine Yoga.He can keep his balance of mind now in whatever environments and circumstances he is placed and can do any action without losing his consciousness of oneness or identity with the Supreme Self. (Cf.VII.25IX.5XI.8)What is that unshaken Yoga with which they are endowedThe answer follows.
अहं सर्वस्य प्रभवो मत्तः सर्वं प्रवर्तते
इति मत्वा भजन्ते मां बुधा भावसमन्विताः
അഹം സര്വ്വസ്യ പ്രഭവോ മത്തഃ സര്വ്വം പ്രവര്തതേ
ഇതി മത്വാ ഭജന്തേ മാം ബുധാ ഭാവസമന്വിതാഃ
ahaṃ sarvasya prabhavo mattaḥ sarvaṃ pravartate
iti matvā bhajante māṃ budhā bhāvasamanvitāḥ
English Translation
I am the origin of all; everything moves on owing to Me. Realizing thus, the wise ones, filled with fervour, adore Me.
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Explanation · English
Waves originate in water? depend on water and dissolve in water. The only support for the waves is water. Even so the only support for the whole world is the Lord. Realising this? feeling the omnipresence of the Lord? the wise worship Him with devotion and affection in all places. The Supreme is the same in all countries and at all times. He is the material and the efficient cause.As Mulaprakriti or Avyaktam the Lord is the source of all forms. The Lord is the primum mobile. He gazes at His Sakti (creative power) and the whole world evolves and the forms move. The worldly man who has neither sharp nor subtle intellect beholds the changing forms only through the fleshly eyes. He has no idea of the Indwelling Presence? the substratum? the allpervading intelligence or the blissful consciousness. He is allured by the passing forms. He fixes his hopes and joy on these transitory forms. He lives and exerts for them. He rejoices when he gets a wife and children. If these forms pass away he is drowned in sorrow. But the wise ones constantly dwell in the Supreme? the source and the life of all? and enjoy the eternal bliss of the immortal? inner Self? their own nondual Atman? albeit all these forms around them change and pass away. They are steadfast in Yoga. They are endowed with unshakable Yoga. They are enthroned in Yoga. They worship the Supreme in contemplation and enjoy the indescribable bliss of Nirvikalpa Samadhi.Para Brahman? known as Vaasudeva? is the source of the whole world. From Him alone evolves the whole world with all its changes? viz.? existence (Sthiti)? destruction (Nasa)? action (Kriya)? fruit (Phala) and enjoyment (Bhoga). Understanding thus? the wise adore the Supreme Being and engage themselves in profound meditation on the Absolute. (Cf.IX.10)
मच्चित्ता मद्गतप्राणा बोधयन्तः परस्परम्
कथयन्तश्च मां नित्यं तुष्यन्ति च रमन्ति च
മച്ചിത്താ മദ്ഗതപ്രാണാ ബോധയന്തഃ പരസ്പരം
കഥയന്തശ്ച മാം നിത്യം തുഷ്യന്തി ച രമന്തി ച
maccittā madgataprāṇā bodhayantaḥ parasparam
kathayantaśca māṃ nityaṃ tuṣyanti ca ramanti ca
English Translation
With minds fixed on Me, with lives dedicated to Me, enlightening each other, and always speaking of Me, they derive satisfaction and rejoice.
AdiyogiArts gita-json · https://github.com/AdiyogiArts/gita-json (MIT License)
Explanation · English
The characteristics of a devotee who has attained the realisation of oneness are described in this verse. The devotee constantly thinks of the Lord. His very life is absorbed in Him. He has consecrated his whole life to the Lord. According to another interpretation? all his senses (which function because of the Prana)? such as the eye are absorbed in Him. He takes immense delight in talking about Him? about His supreme wisdom? power? might and other attributes. He has completely dedicated himself to the Lord.He feels intense satisfaction and is delighted as if he is in the company of his Beloved (God). The Purana says? The sum total of the sensual pleasures of this world and also all the great pleasures of the divine regions (heavens) are not worth a sixteenth part of that bliss which proceeds from the eradication of desires and cravings. (Cf.XII.8)
तेषां सततयुक्तानां भजतां प्रीतिपूर्वकम्
ददामि बुद्धियोगं तं येन मामुपयान्ति ते
തേഷാം സതതയുക്താനാം ഭജതാം പ്രീതിപൂര്വ്വകം
ദദാമി ബുദ്ധിയോഗം തം യേന മാമുപയാന്തി തേ
teṣāṃ satatayuktānāṃ bhajatāṃ prītipūrvakam
dadāmi buddhiyogaṃ taṃ yena māmupayānti te
English Translation
To them who are ever devoted and worship Me with love, I grant that possession of wisdom by which they reach Me.
AdiyogiArts gita-json · https://github.com/AdiyogiArts/gita-json (MIT License)
Explanation · English
The devotees who have dedicated themselves to the Lord? who are ever harmonious and selfabiding? who are ever devout and who adore Him with intense love (not for attaining any selfish purpose)? obtain the divine grace. The Lord gives them wisdom or the Yoga of discrimination or understanding by which they attain the knowledge of the Self. The Lord bestows on these devotees who have fixed their thoughts on Him alone? devotion of right knowledge. (Buddhi Yoga) by which they know Him in essence. They know through the eye of intuition in deep meditaion the Supreme Lord? the One in all? the Self of all? as their own Self? destitue of all limitations. Buddhi here is the inner eye of intuition by which the magnificent experience of oneness is had. Buddhi Yoga is Jnana Yoga. (Cf.IV.39XII.6and7)Why does the Lord impart this Yoga of knowledge to His devotees What obstacles does the Buddhi Yoga remove on the path of the aspirant or devotee The Lord gives the answer in the following verse.
तेषामेवानुकम्पार्थमहमज्ञानजं तमः
नाशयाम्यात्मभावस्थो ज्ञानदीपेन भास्वता
തേഷാമേവാനുകമ്പാര്ഥമഹമജ്ഞാനജം തമഃ
നാശയാമ്യാത്മഭാവസ്ഥോ ജ്ഞാനദീപേന ഭാസ്വതാ
teṣāmevānukampārthamahamajñānajaṃ tamaḥ
nāśayāmyātmabhāvastho jñānadīpena bhāsvatā
English Translation
Out of compassion for them alone, I, residing in their hearts, destroy the darkness born of ignorance with the luminous lamp of Knowledge.
AdiyogiArts gita-json · https://github.com/AdiyogiArts/gita-json (MIT License)
Explanation · English
Luminous lamp of knowledge The Lord dwells in the heart of the devotees who constantly think of Him and destroys the veil or the darkness born of ignorance due to the absence of discrimination? by the luminous lamp of knowledge fed by the oil of pure devotion? fanned by the wind of profound meditation on Him? provided with the wick of right intuition? generated by the constant cultivation of celibacy? piety and other divine virtues held in the chambers of the heart free from worldliness? placed in the innermost recesses of the mind free from the wind of senseattractions (withdrawn from the objects of the senses) and untainted by likes and dislikes? and shining with the light of knowledge of the Self caused by the constant practice of meditation.The lamp is not in need of an instrument or means or any sort of practice for the removal of darkness. The generation of the light itself is ite sufficient to remove the darkness. As soon as the darkness is removed by the light? the pot? the chair and the other articles are seen. Even so the dawn of knowledge of the Self itself is ite sufficient to remove ignorance. No other Karma or,practice is necessary. After the ignorance is removed by the knowledge of the Self? Brahman alone shines in Its pristine glory.
अर्जुन उवाच
परं ब्रह्म परं धाम पवित्रं परमं भवान्
पुरुषं शाश्वतं दिव्यमादिदेवमजं विभुम्
പരം ബ്രഹ്മ പരം ധാമ പവിത്രം പരമം ഭവാന്
പുരുഷം ശാശ്വതം ദിവ്യമാദിദേവമജം വിഭും
arjuna uvāca
paraṃ brahma paraṃ dhāma pavitraṃ paramaṃ bhavān
puruṣaṃ śāśvataṃ divyamādidevamajaṃ vibhum
English Translation
-10.13 Arjuna said You are the supreme Brahman, the supreme Light, the supreme Sanctifier. All the sages as also the divine sage Narada, Asita, Devala and Vyasa [Although Narada and the other sages are already mentioned by the words 'all the sages', still they are named separately because of their eminence. Asita is the father of Devala.] call You the eternal divine Person, the Primal God, the Birthless, the Omnipresent; and You Yourself verily tell me (so).
AdiyogiArts gita-json · https://github.com/AdiyogiArts/gita-json (MIT License)
Explanation · English
Param Brahma The highest Self. The word Param indicates the pure and attributeless Absolute? free from the limiting adjuncts. It is Satchidananda Brahman. The inferior Brahman is the Brahman with alities (Saguna) or Isvara? Brahman with the limiting adjuncts or the chosen object of meditation by the devotees.Param Dhama means Param Tejah or the supreme light. From the Creator down to the blade of grass the Supreme Being is the support or substratum. Therefore He is known as the supreme abode.Adideva The primeval God or the original God Who existed before all other gods. This God is Para Brahman Itself. It is selfluminous.Pavitram Paramam Supreme purifier. The sacred rivers and holy places of pilgrimage can remove only the sins but Para Brahman can destroy all sins and ignorance? the root cause of all sins. Therefore Para Brahman or the Supreme Self is the supreme purifier.
आहुस्त्वामृषयः सर्वे देवर्षिर्नारदस्तथा
असितो देवलो व्यासः स्वयं चैव ब्रवीषि मे
ആഹുസ്ത്വാമൃഷയഃ സര്വ്വേ ദേവര്ഷിര്നാരദസ്തഥാ
അസിതോ ദേവലോ വ്യാസഃ സ്വയം ചൈവ ബ്രവീഷി മേ
āhustvāmṛṣayaḥ sarve devarṣirnāradastathā
asito devalo vyāsaḥ svayaṃ caiva bravīṣi me
English Translation
-10.13 Arjuna said You are the supreme Brahman, the supreme Light, the supreme Sanctifier. All the sages as also the divine sage Narada, Asita, Devala and Vyasa [Although Narada and the other sages are already mentioned by the words 'all the sages', still they are named separately because of their eminence. Asita is the father of Devala.] call You the eternal divine Person, the Primal God, the Birthless, the Omnipresent; and You Yourself verily tell me (so).
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Explanation · English
Rishi is a holy sage of disciplined mind and senses.Devarshi A divine sage more highly evolved than a Rishi.
सर्वमेतदृतं मन्ये यन्मां वदसि केशव
न हि ते भगवन्व्यक्तिं विदुर्देवा न दानवाः
സര്വ്വമേതദൃതം മന്യേ യന്മാം വദസി കേശവ
ന ഹി തേ ഭഗവന്വ്യക്തിം വിദുര്ദേവാ ന ദാനവാഃ
sarvametadṛtaṃ manye yanmāṃ vadasi keśava
na hi te bhagavanvyaktiṃ vidurdevā na dānavāḥ
English Translation
O Kesava, I accept to be true all this which You tell me. Certainly, O Lord, neither the gods nor the demons comprehend Your glory.
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Explanation · English
Bhagavan is He? in whom ever exist the six attributes in their fullness? viz.? Jnana (wisdom)? Vairagya (dispassion)? Aisvarya (lordship)? Dharma (virtue)? Sri (wealth) and Bala (omnipotence). Also? He Who knows the origin? dissolution and the future of all beings and Who is omniscient? is called Bhagavan.Vyakti Origin.Danavah Demons or the Titans.Arjuna addresses the Lord as Keshava (Lord of all) because the Lord knows what is going on in his mind? as He is omniscient. As the Lord is the source of the gods? the demons and others? they cannot comprehend His manifestation or origin. (Cf.IV.6)
स्वयमेवात्मनात्मानं वेत्थ त्वं पुरुषोत्तम
भूतभावन भूतेश देवदेव जगत्पते
സ്വയമേവാത്മനാത്മാനം വേത്ഥ ത്വം പുരുഷോത്തമ
ഭൂതഭാവന ഭൂതേശ ദേവദേവ ജഗത്പതേ
svayamevātmanātmānaṃ vettha tvaṃ puruṣottama
bhūtabhāvana bhūteśa devadeva jagatpate
English Translation
Swami Gambirananda did not comment on this sloka
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Explanation · English
Purushottama means the best among all Purushas. He assumes the four forms? viz.? the source of beings? the Lord of beings? God of gods and ruler of the world. Hence He is called Purushottama.Devadeva is He who is worshipped even by Indra and other gods.Jagatpati The Lord protects the world and guides the people through the instructions given in the Vedas. Hence the name ruler of the world.
वक्तुमर्हस्यशेषेण दिव्या ह्यात्मविभूतयः
याभिर्विभूतिभिर्लोकानिमांस्त्वं व्याप्य तिष्ठसि
വക്തുമര്ഹസ്യശേഷേണ ദിവ്യാ ഹ്യാത്മവിഭൂതയഃ
യാഭിര്വിഭൂതിഭിര്ലോകാനിമാംസ്ത്വം വ്യാപ്യ തിഷ്ഠസി
vaktumarhasyaśeṣeṇa divyā hyātmavibhūtayaḥ
yābhirvibhūtibhirlokānimāṃstvaṃ vyāpya tiṣṭhasi
English Translation
Be pleased to speak in full of Your own manifestations which are indeed divine, through which manifestations You exist pervading these worlds.
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कथं विद्यामहं योगिंस्त्वां सदा परिचिन्तयन्
केषु केषु च भावेषु चिन्त्योऽसि भगवन्मया
കഥം വിദ്യാമഹം യോഗിംസ്ത്വാം സദാ പരിചിന്തയന്
കേഷു കേഷു ച ഭാവേഷു ചിന്ത്യോഽസി ഭഗവന്മയാ
kathaṃ vidyāmahaṃ yogiṃstvāṃ sadā paricintayan
keṣu keṣu ca bhāveṣu cintyo.asi bhagavanmayā
English Translation
O Yogi, [Here yoga stands for the results of yoga, viz omniscience, omnipotence, etc.; one possessed of these is a yogi. (See Comm. on 10.7)] how shall I know You by remaining ever-engaged in meditation? And through what objects, O Lord, are You to be meditated on by me?
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Explanation · English
Arjuna says O Lord? how may I know Thee by constant meditation In what aspects art Thou to be thought of by me Even when I think of external objects I can meditate on Thee in Thy particular manifestations in them if I have a detailed knowledge of Thy glories. Therefore deign to tell me? without reserve? of Thy own glories. Then only can I behold oneness everywhere.
विस्तरेणात्मनो योगं विभूतिं च जनार्दन
भूयः कथय तृप्तिर्हि शृण्वतो नास्ति मेऽमृतम्
വിസ്തരേണാത്മനോ യോഗം വിഭൂതിം ച ജനാര്ദന
ഭൂയഃ കഥയ തൃപ്തിര്ഹി ശൃണ്വതോ നാസ്തി മേഽമൃതം
vistareṇātmano yogaṃ vibhūtiṃ ca janārdana
bhūyaḥ kathaya tṛptirhi śṛṇvato nāsti me.amṛtam
English Translation
O Janardana, narrate to me again [In addition to what has been said in the seventh and ninth chapters.] Your onw yoga and (divine) manifestations elaborately. For, while hearing (Your) nectar-like (words), there is no satiety in me.
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Explanation · English
The Lord is called Janardana because all pray to Him for worldly success? prosperity and also salvation. Arjuna also prays to the Lord to explain His Yogic power and glory? for his salvation.Arjuna says to Lord Krishna Tell me in detail of Thy mysterious power (Yoga) and sovereignty (Aisvarya) and the various things to be meditated upon. Tell me again though You have described earlier in the seventh and the ninth chapters succinctly for there is no satiety in hearing Thy ambrosial speech or nectarlike conversation. However much of it I hear? I am not satisfied surely it is nectar of immortality for me.
श्रीभगवानुवाच
हन्त ते कथयिष्यामि दिव्या ह्यात्मविभूतयः
प्राधान्यतः कुरुश्रेष्ठ नास्त्यन्तो विस्तरस्य मे
ഹന്ത തേ കഥയിഷ്യാമി ദിവ്യാ ഹ്യാത്മവിഭൂതയഃ
പ്രാധാന്യതഃ കുരുശ്രേഷ്ഠ നാസ്ത്യന്തോ വിസ്തരസ്യ മേ
śrībhagavānuvāca
hanta te kathayiṣyāmi divyā hyātmavibhūtayaḥ
prādhānyataḥ kuruśreṣṭha nāstyanto vistarasya me
English Translation
The Blessed Lord said O best of the Kurus, now, according to their importance, I shall described to you My onw glories, which are indeed divine. There is no end to my manifestations.
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Explanation · English
Now I will tell you of My most prominent divine glories. My glories are illimitable it is not possible to describe all of them.
अहमात्मा गुडाकेश सर्वभूताशयस्थितः
अहमादिश्च मध्यं च भूतानामन्त एव च
അഹമാത്മാ ഗുഡാകേശ സര്വ്വഭൂതാശയസ്ഥിതഃ
അഹമാദിശ്ച മധ്യം ച ഭൂതാനാമന്ത ഏവ ച
ahamātmā guḍākeśa sarvabhūtāśayasthitaḥ
ahamādiśca madhyaṃ ca bhūtānāmanta eva ca
English Translation
O Gudakesa, I am the Self residing in the hearts of all beings, and I am the beginning and the middle as also the end of (all) beings.
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Explanation · English
O Gudakesa I am the soul (Pratyagatma) which exists in the hearts of all beings and I am also the source or origin? the middle or stay? and the end of all created beings. I am the birth? the life and the death of all beings. Meditate on Me as the innermost Self.Gudakesa means either coneror of sleep or thickhaired.He who is able to meditate on the Self with Abheda Bhavana (attitude of nonduality)? is a alified aspirant (Adhikari) of the first class. He who is not able to meditate on the Self should think of the Lord in those things which are mentioned below. This type of meditation is for the aspirants of the middle class.
आदित्यानामहं विष्णुर्ज्योतिषां रविरंशुमान्
मरीचिर्मरुतामस्मि नक्षत्राणामहं शशी
ആദിത്യാനാമഹം വിഷ്ണുര്ജ്യോതിഷാം രവിരംശുമാന്
മരീചിര്മംരുതാമസ്മി നക്ഷത്രാണാമഹം ശശീ
ādityānāmahaṃ viṣṇurjyotiṣāṃ raviraṃśumān
marīcirmarutāmasmi nakṣatrāṇāmahaṃ śaśī
English Translation
Among the Adityas [viz Dhata, Mitra, aryama, Rudra, Varuna, Surya, Bhaga, Vivasvan, Pusa, Savita, Tvasta and Visnu.-Tr.] I am Visnu; among the luminaries, the radiant sun; among the (forty-nine) Maruts [The seven groups of Maruts are Avaha, Pravaha, Vivaha, Paravaha, Udvaha, Samvaha and parivaha.-Tr.] I am Marici; among the stars I am the moon.
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Explanation · English
Of the twelve Adityas I am the Aditya known as Vishnu? Dhata? Mitra? Aryama? Rudra? Varuna? Bhaga? Surya? Vivasvan? Pusham? Savita? Tvashta and Vishnu are the twelve Adityas. The twelve months of the year are the Adityas.The Maruts are the gods controlling the winds. Some hold that there are seven of them while others say there are fortynine.The twelve Adityas? the luminaries like Agni? lightning? etc.? the Maruts? the stars? etc.? are the Samanya Vibhutis (ordinary manifestations) of the Lord. Vishnu? the sun? Marichi? and the moon are His Visesha Vibhutis (special manifestations) and hence they have greater splendour in them.You can superimpose the Lord on the sun and the moon? and meditate on them as forms of the Lord. You can practise the same kind of meditation on all forms mentioned in the following verses of this chapter.
वेदानां सामवेदोऽस्मि देवानामस्मि वासवः
इन्द्रियाणां मनश्चास्मि भूतानामस्मि चेतना
വേദാനാം സാമവേദോഽസ്മി ദേവാനാമസ്മി വാസവഃ
ഇന്ദ്രിയാണാം മനശ്ചാസ്മി ഭൂതാനാമസ്മി ചേതനാ
vedānāṃ sāmavedo.asmi devānāmasmi vāsavaḥ
indriyāṇāṃ manaścāsmi bhūtānāmasmi cetanā
English Translation
Among the Vedas I am Sama-veda; among the gods I am Indra. Among the organs I am the mind, and I am the intelligence in creatures.
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Explanation · English
Vasava is Indra.Gods Such as Rudras? Adityas.Indriyas The five JnanaIndriyas or organs of knowledge? viz.? ear? skin? eye? tongue and nose and the five KarmaIndriyas or organs of action? viz.? speech? hands? feet? genitals and anus. The mind is regarded as the eleventh sense. As the senses cannot function without the help of the mind? the mind is regarded as the chief among the senses.Chetana Intelligence is that state of intellect which is manifest in the aggregate of the body and the senses.That which illumines all? from the intellect down to the grossest object? is called Chetana.
रुद्राणां शङ्करश्चास्मि वित्तेशो यक्षरक्षसाम्
वसूनां पावकश्चास्मि मेरुः शिखरिणामहम्
രുദ്രാണാം ശങ്കരശ്ചാസ്മി വിത്തേശോ യക്ഷരക്ഷസാം
വസൂനാം പാവകശ്ചാസ്മി മേരുഃ ശിഖരിണാമഹം
rudrāṇāṃ śaṅkaraścāsmi vitteśo yakṣarakṣasām
vasūnāṃ pāvakaścāsmi meruḥ śikhariṇāmaham
English Translation
Among the Rudras [Aja, Ekapada, Ahirbudhnya, Pinaki, Aparajita, Tryam-baka, Mahesvara, Vrsakapi, Sambhu, Harana and Isvara. Different Puranas give different lists of eleven names.-Tr,] I am Sankara, and among the Yaksas and goblins I am Kubera [God of wealth. Yaksas are a class of demigods who attend on him and guard his wealth.]. Among the Vasus [According to the V.P. they are: Apa, dhruva, Soma, Dharma, Anila, Anala (Fire), Pratyusa and Prabhasa. The Mbh. and the Bh. given a different list.-Tr.] I am Fire, and among the mountains I am Meru.
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Explanation · English
Rudras are eleven in number. The ten vital airs (Pranas and the UpaPranas? which are five each) and the mind are the eleven Rudras. They are so called because they produce grief when they depart from the body. They have been symbolised in the Puranas as follows Virabhadra? Sankara? Girisa? Ajaikapati? Bhuvanadhisvara? Aherbhujya? Pinaki? Aparajita? Kapali? Sthanu and Bhaga. Among these Rudras? Sankara is regarded as the chief.Vasus are earth? water? fire? air? ether? sun? moon and stars. They are so called because they comprehend the whole universe within them. They have been symbolised in the Puranas as follows Apah? Dhruva? Soma? Dhara? Anila? Anala? Pratyusa and Prabhasa. Of these Anala or Pavaka (fire) is the chief.
पुरोधसां च मुख्यं मां विद्धि पार्थ बृहस्पतिम्
सेनानीनामहं स्कन्दः सरसामस्मि सागरः
പുരോധസാം ച മുഖ്യം മാം വിദ്ധി പാര്ഥ ബൃഹസ്പതിം
സേനാനീനാമഹം സ്കന്ദഃ സരസാമസ്മി സാഗരഃ
purodhasāṃ ca mukhyaṃ māṃ viddhi pārtha bṛhaspatim
senānīnāmahaṃ skandaḥ sarasāmasmi sāgaraḥ
English Translation
O son of Prtha, know me to be Brhaspati, the foremost among the priests of kings. Among comanders of armies I am Skanda; among large expanses of water I am the sea.
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Explanation · English
Brihaspati is the chif priest of the gods. He is the househld priest of Indra.Skanda is Kartikeya or Lord Subramanya. He is the general of the hosts of the gods.Of things holding water -- natural reservoirs or lakes -- I am the ocean.
महर्षीणां भृगुरहं गिरामस्म्येकमक्षरम्
यज्ञानां जपयज्ञोऽस्मि स्थावराणां हिमालयः
മഹര്ഷിണാം ഭൃഗുരഹം ഗിരാമസ്മ്യേകമക്ഷരം
യജ്ഞാനാം ജപയജ്ഞോഽസ്മി സ്ഥാവരാണാം ഹിമാലയഃ
maharṣīṇāṃ bhṛgurahaṃ girāmasmyekamakṣaram
yajñānāṃ japayajño.asmi sthāvarāṇāṃ himālayaḥ
English Translation
Among the great sages I am Bhrgu; of words I am the single syllable (Om) [Om is the best because it is the name as well as the symbol of Brahman.]. Among rituals I am the ritual of Japa [Japa, muttering prayers-repeating passages from the Vedas, silently repeating names of deities, etc. Rituals often involve killing of animals. But Japa is free from such injury, and hence the best.] of the immovables, the Himalaya.
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Explanation · English
Manu has said Whatever else the Brahmana may or may not do? he attains salvation by Japa (silent repetition of a Mantra) alone.Bhrigu is one of the mindborn of the Creator.Himalaya The highest mountain range in the world.Japayajna There is neither injury nor loss in this Yajna. Therefore? it is regarded as the best of all Yajnas.
अश्वत्थः सर्ववृक्षाणां देवर्षीणां च नारदः
गन्धर्वाणां चित्ररथः सिद्धानां कपिलो मुनिः
അശ്വത്ഥഃ സര്വ്വവൃക്ഷാണാം ദേവര്ഷീണാം ച നാരദഃ
ഗന്ധര്വ്വാണാം ചിത്രരഥഃ സിദ്ധാനാം കപിലോ മുനിഃ
aśvatthaḥ sarvavṛkṣāṇāṃ devarṣīṇāṃ ca nāradaḥ
gandharvāṇāṃ citrarathaḥ siddhānāṃ kapilo muniḥ
English Translation
Among all trees (I am) the Asvatha (peepul), and Narada among the divine sages. Among the dandharvas [A class of demigods regarded as the musicians of gods.] (I am) Citraratha; among the perfected ones, the sage Kapila.
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Explanation · English
Devarshis are gods and at the same time Rishis or seers of Mantras.Siddhas are the perfected ones those who at their very birth attained without any effort Dharma (virtue)? Jnana (knowledge of the Self)? Vairagya (dispassion) and Aisvarya (lordship).Muni is one who does Manana or reflection one who meditates.
उच्चैःश्रवसमश्वानां विद्धि माममृतोद्भवम्
ऐरावतं गजेन्द्राणां नराणां च नराधिपम्
ഉച്ചൈഃശ്രവസമശ്വാനാം വിദ്ധി മാമമൃതോദ്ഭവം
ഐരാവതം ഗജേന്ദ്രാണാം നരാണാം ച നരാധിപം
uccaiḥśravasamaśvānāṃ viddhi māmamṛtodbhavam
airāvataṃ gajendrāṇāṃ narāṇāṃ ca narādhipam
English Translation
Among horses, know Me to be Uccaihsravas, born of nectar; Airavata among the lordly elephants; and among men, the Kind of men. [Uccaihsravas and Airavata are respectively the divine horse and elephant of Indra.]
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Explanation · English
Nectar was obtained by the gods by churning the ocean of milk. Ucchaisravas is the name of the royal horse which was born in that ocean of milk when it was churned for the nectar.Airavatam The offspring of Iravati? the elephant of Indra born at the time when the ocean of milk was churned.
आयुधानामहं वज्रं धेनूनामस्मि कामधुक्
प्रजनश्चास्मि कन्दर्पः सर्पाणामस्मि वासुकिः
ആയുധാനാമഹം വജ്രം ധേനൂനാമസ്മി കാമധുക്
പ്രജനശ്ചാസ്മി കന്ദര്പഃ സര്പാണാമസ്മി വാസുകിഃ
āyudhānāmahaṃ vajraṃ dhenūnāmasmi kāmadhuk
prajanaścāsmi kandarpaḥ sarpāṇāmasmi vāsukiḥ
English Translation
Among weapons I am the thunderbolt; among cows I am kamadhenu. I am Kandarpa, the Progenitor, and among serpents I am Vasuki.
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Explanation · English
Vajram the thunderbolt weapon made of the bones of Dadhichi an implement of warfare which can only be handled by Indra who has fininshed a hundred sacrifices.Kamadhuk The cow Kamadhenu of the great sage Vasishtha which yielded all the desired objects? also born of the ocean of milk.Kandarpa Cupid.Vasuki The Lord of hoodless or ordinary serpents.Sarpa (serpent) has only one head. Vasuki is yellowcoloured. Nagas have many heads. Ananta is firecoloured.Sridhara says that the Sarpa is poisonous and the Naga is nonpoisonous. Sri Ramanuja says that Sarpa has only one head and Naga has many heads.
अनन्तश्चास्मि नागानां वरुणो यादसामहम्
पितॄणामर्यमा चास्मि यमः संयमतामहम्
അനന്തശ്ചാസ്മി നാഗാനാം വരുണോ യാദസാമഹം
പിതൃണാമര്യമാ ചാസ്മി യമഃ സംയമതാമഹം
anantaścāsmi nāgānāṃ varuṇo yādasāmaham
pitṝṇāmaryamā cāsmi yamaḥ saṃyamatāmaham
English Translation
Among snakes I am Ananta, and Varuna among gods of the waters. Among the manes I am Aryama, and among the maintainers of law and order I am Yama (King of death).
AdiyogiArts gita-json · https://github.com/AdiyogiArts/gita-json (MIT License)
Explanation · English
Ananta is the king of hooded serpents or cobras. He is firecoloured.Varuna is the king of the watergods.Waterdeities The gods connected with waters.Aryaman is the king of the manes.I am Yama? the witness of the acts of all living beings? who keeps account of the good and bad actions of the people.
प्रह्लादश्चास्मि दैत्यानां कालः कलयतामहम्
मृगाणां च मृगेन्द्रोऽहं वैनतेयश्च पक्षिणाम्
പ്രഹ്ലാദശ്ചാസ്മി ദൈത്യാനാം കാലഃ കലയതാമഹം
മൃഗാണാം ച മൃഗേന്ദ്രോഽഹം വൈനതേയശ്ച പക്ഷിണാം
prahlādaścāsmi daityānāṃ kālaḥ kalayatāmaham
mṛgāṇāṃ ca mṛgendro.ahaṃ vainateyaśca pakṣiṇām
English Translation
Among demons I am Prahlada, and I am Time among reckoners of time. And among animals I am the loin, and among birds I am Garuda.
AdiyogiArts gita-json · https://github.com/AdiyogiArts/gita-json (MIT License)
Explanation · English
Prahlada? though he was the son of a demon (Hiranyakasipu)? was a great devotee of the Lord.
पवनः पवतामस्मि रामः शस्त्रभृतामहम्
झषाणां मकरश्चास्मि स्रोतसामस्मि जाह्नवी
പവനഃ പവതാമസ്മി രാമഃ ശസ്ത്രഭൃതാമഹം
ഝഷാണാം മകരശ്ചാസ്മി സ്രോതസാമസ്മി ജാഹ്നവീ
pavanaḥ pavatāmasmi rāmaḥ śastrabhṛtāmaham
jhaṣāṇāṃ makaraścāsmi srotasāmasmi jāhnavī
English Translation
Of the purifiers I am air; among the wielders of weapons I am Rama. Among fishes, too, I am the shark; I am Ganga among rivers.
AdiyogiArts gita-json · https://github.com/AdiyogiArts/gita-json (MIT License)
Explanation · English
The holy river Ganga (spelt Ganges in English) was swallowed by Jahnu when she was being brought down by Bhagiratha from heaven. Hence the name Jahnavi for Ganga.
सर्गाणामादिरन्तश्च मध्यं चैवाहमर्जुन
अध्यात्मविद्या विद्यानां वादः प्रवदतामहम्
സര്ഗാണാമാദിരന്തശ്ച മധ്യം ചൈവാഹമര്ജുന
അധ്യാത്മവിദ്യാ വിദ്യാനാം വാദഃ പ്രവദതാമഹം
sargāṇāmādirantaśca madhyaṃ caivāhamarjuna
adhyātmavidyā vidyānāṃ vādaḥ pravadatāmaham
English Translation
O Arjuna, of creations I am the beginning and the end as also the middle, I am the knowledge of the Self among knowledge; of those who date I am vada.
AdiyogiArts gita-json · https://github.com/AdiyogiArts/gita-json (MIT License)
Explanation · English
I am the metaphysics among all sciences. I am knowledge of the Self among all branches of knowledge. I am the argument of dators. I am the logic of disputants. I am the speech of orators.In verse 20 above the Lord says? I am the beginning? the middle and the end of the whole movable and immovable creation. Here the whole creation in general is referred to.As the knowledge of the Self leads to the attainment of the final beatitude of life or salvation? it is the chief among all branches of knowledge.Pravadatam By the word controversialists? we should here understand the various kinds of people using various kinds of argumentation in logic such as Vada? Jalpa and Vitanda. Yada is a way of arguing by which one gets at the truth of a certain estion. The aspirants who are free from RagaDvesha and jealousy raise amongst themselves estions and answers and enter into discussions on philosophical problems in order to ascertain and understand the nature of the Truth. They do not argue in order to gain victory over one another. This is Vada. Jalpa is wrangling in which one asserts his own opinion and refutes that of his opponent. Vitanda is idle carping at the arguments of ones opponents. No attempt is made to establish the other side of the estion. In Jalpa and Vitanda one tries to defeat another. There is desire for victory.
अक्षराणामकारोऽस्मि द्वन्द्वः सामासिकस्य च
अहमेवाक्षयः कालो धाताहं विश्वतोमुखः
അക്ഷരാണാമകാരോഽസ്മി ദ്വന്ദ്വഃ സാമാസികസ്യ ച
അഹമേവാക്ഷയഃ കാലോ ധാതാഹം വിശ്വതോമുഖഃ
akṣarāṇāmakāro.asmi dvandvaḥ sāmāsikasya ca
ahamevākṣayaḥ kālo dhātāhaṃ viśvatomukhaḥ
English Translation
Of the letters I am the letter a, and of the group of compund words I am (the compound called) Dvandva. [Dvandva: A compound of two or more words which, if not compounded, would stand in the same case and be connected by the conjunction 'and'.-Tr.] I Mayself am the infinite time; I am the Dispenser with faces everywhere.
AdiyogiArts gita-json · https://github.com/AdiyogiArts/gita-json (MIT License)
Explanation · English
Among the alphabets I am the letter A. Among the various kinds of compounds used in Sanskrit language I am the Dvandva (union of the two)? the copulative.Time here refers to the moment? the ultimate element of time or to Paramesvara? the Supreme Lord Who is the time of even time? since He is beyond time.As the Supreme Being is allpervading it is said that He has faces in all directions.
मृत्युः सर्वहरश्चाहमुद्भवश्च भविष्यताम्
कीर्तिः श्रीर्वाक्च नारीणां स्मृतिर्मेधा धृतिः क्षमा
മൃത്യുഃ സര്വ്വഹരശ്ചാഹമുദ്ഭവശ്ച ഭവിഷ്യതാം
കീര്ത്തിഃ ശ്രീര്വാക്ച നാരീണാം സ്മൃതിര്മേധാ ധൃതിഃ ക്ഷമാ
mṛtyuḥ sarvaharaścāhamudbhavaśca bhaviṣyatām
kīrtiḥ śrīrvākca nārīṇāṃ smṛtirmedhā dhṛtiḥ kṣamā
English Translation
And I am Death, the destroyer of all; and the prosperity of those destined to be prosperous. Of the feminine [Narinam may mean 'of the feminine alities'. According to Sridhara Swami and S., the words fame etc. signify the goddesses of the respective alities. According to M.S. these seven goddesses are the wives of the god Dharma.-Tr.] (I am) fame, beauty, speech, memory, intelligence, fortitude and forbearance.
AdiyogiArts gita-json · https://github.com/AdiyogiArts/gita-json (MIT License)
Explanation · English
I am also the allsnatching death that destroys everything. Death is of two kinds? viz.? he who seizes wealth and he who seizes life. Of them he who seizes life is the allseizer and,hence he is called Sarvaharah. I am he.Or? there is another interpretation. I am the Supreme Lord Who is the allseizer? because I destroy everything at the time of the cosmic dissolution.I am the origin of all the beings to be born in the future. I am the prosperity and the means of achieving it of those who are fit to attain it.Beauty is Sri. Lustre is Sri. I am fame? the best of the feminine alities. People who have attained slight fame think that they have achieved great success in life and that they have become very big or great men. I am speech which adorns the throne of justice. I am memory which recalls objects and pleasures of the past.The power of the mind which enables one to hold the teachings of the scriptures is Medha. Firmness or Dhriti is the power to keep the body and the senses steady even amidst various kinds of sufferings. The power to keep oneself unattached even while doing actions is Dhriti. It also means courage. Kshama also means endurance.Fame? prosperity? memory? intelligence and firmness are the daughters of Daksha. They had been given in marriage to Dhrama and so they are all called Dharmapatnis.
बृहत्साम तथा साम्नां गायत्री छन्दसामहम्
मासानां मार्गशीर्षोऽहमृतूनां कुसुमाकरः
ബൃഹത്സാമ തഥാ സാമ്നാം ഗായത്രീ ഛന്ദസാമഹം
മാസാനാം മാര്ഗശീര്ഷോഽഹമൃതൂനാം കുസുമാകരഃ
bṛhatsāma tathā sāmnāṃ gāyatrī chandasāmaham
māsānāṃ mārgaśīrṣo.ahamṛtūnāṃ kusumākaraḥ
English Translation
I am also the Brhat-sama of the Sama (-mantras); of the metres, Gayatri. Of the months I am Marga-sirsa, and of the seasons, spring.
AdiyogiArts gita-json · https://github.com/AdiyogiArts/gita-json (MIT License)
Explanation · English
Brihatsaman is the chief of the hymns of the SamaVeda. Brihat means big.Margasirsha From the middle of December to the middle of January. This has a temperate climate. In olden days it was usual to start with this month in counting the months of the year. The first place was given to this month.Kusumakara The beautiful flowery season? the spring.
द्यूतं छलयतामस्मि तेजस्तेजस्विनामहम्
जयोऽस्मि व्यवसायोऽस्मि सत्त्वं सत्त्ववतामहम्
ദ്യൂതം ഛലയതാമസ്മി തേജസ്തേജസ്വിനാമഹം
ജയോഽസ്മി വ്യവസായോഽസ്മി സത്ത്വം സത്ത്വവതാമഹം
dyūtaṃ chalayatāmasmi tejastejasvināmaham
jayo.asmi vyavasāyo.asmi sattvaṃ sattvavatāmaham
English Translation
Of the fraudulent I am the gambling; I am the irresistible ?nd of the mighty. I am excellene, I am effort, I am the sattva ality of those possessed of sattva.
AdiyogiArts gita-json · https://github.com/AdiyogiArts/gita-json (MIT License)
Explanation · English
Of the methods of defrauding others I am gambling such as diceplay. Gambling is My manifestation. I am the power of the powerful. I am the victoyr of the victorious. I am the effort of those who make that effort.I am Sattva which assumes the forms of Dharma (virtue)? Jnana (knowledge)? Vairagya (dispassion)? and Aisvarya (wealth or lordship) in Sattvic persons.
वृष्णीनां वासुदेवोऽस्मि पाण्डवानां धनञ्जयः
मुनीनामप्यहं व्यासः कवीनामुशना कविः
വൃഷ്ണീനാം വാസുദേവോഽസ്മി പാണ്ഡവാനാം ധനഞ്ജയഃ
മുനീനാമപ്യഹം വ്യാസഃ കവീനാമുശനാ കവിഃ
vṛṣṇīnāṃ vāsudevo.asmi pāṇḍavānāṃ dhanañjayaḥ
munīnāmapyahaṃ vyāsaḥ kavīnāmuśanā kaviḥ
English Translation
Of the vrsnis [The clan to which Sri krsna belonged, known otherwise as the Yadavas.] I am Vasudeva; of the Pandavas, Dhananjaya (Arjuna). And of the wise, I am Vyasa; of the omniscient, the omniscient Usanas.
AdiyogiArts gita-json · https://github.com/AdiyogiArts/gita-json (MIT License)
Explanation · English
Vrishnis are Yadavas or the descendants of Yadu. I am the foremost among them.Usanas is Sukracharya? the preceptor of the demons.
दण्डो दमयतामस्मि नीतिरस्मि जिगीषताम्
मौनं चैवास्मि गुह्यानां ज्ञानं ज्ञानवतामहम्
ദണ്ഡോ ദമയതാമസ്മി നീതിരസ്മി ജിഗീഷതാം
മൌനം ചൈവാസ്മി ഗുഹ്യാനാം ജ്ഞാനം ജ്ഞാനവതാമഹം
daṇḍo damayatāmasmi nītirasmi jigīṣatām
maunaṃ caivāsmi guhyānāṃ jñānaṃ jñānavatāmaham
English Translation
Of the punishers I am the rod; I am the righteous policy of those who desire to coner. And of things secret, I am verily silence; I am knowledge of the men of knowledge৷৷
AdiyogiArts gita-json · https://github.com/AdiyogiArts/gita-json (MIT License)
Explanation · English
Niti Diplomacy? polity.Maunam The silence produced by constant meditation on Brahman or the Self.Jnanam Knowledge of the Self.
यच्चापि सर्वभूतानां बीजं तदहमर्जुन
न तदस्ति विना यत्स्यान्मया भूतं चराचरम्
യച്ചാപി സര്വ്വഭൂതാനാം ബീജം തദഹമര്ജുന
ന തദസ്തി വിനാ യത്സ്യാന്മയാ ഭൂതം ചരാചരം
yaccāpi sarvabhūtānāṃ bījaṃ tadahamarjuna
na tadasti vinā yatsyānmayā bhūtaṃ carācaram
English Translation
Moreover, O Arjuna, whatsoever is the seed of all beings, that I am. There is no thing moving or non-moving which can exist without Me.
AdiyogiArts gita-json · https://github.com/AdiyogiArts/gita-json (MIT License)
Explanation · English
I am the primeval seed from which all creation has come into existence. I am the seed of everything. I am the Self of everything. Nothing can exist without Me. Everything is of My nature. I am the essence of everything. Without Me all things would be mere void. I am the soul of everything.
नान्तोऽस्ति मम दिव्यानां विभूतीनां परन्तप
एष तूद्देशतः प्रोक्तो विभूतेर्विस्तरो मया
നാന്തോഽസ്തി മമ ദിവ്യാനാം വിഭൂതീനാം പരന്തപ
ഏഷ തൂദ്ദേശതഃ പ്രോക്തോ വിഭൂതേര്വിസ്തരോ മയാ
nānto.asti mama divyānāṃ vibhūtīnāṃ parantapa
eṣa tūddeśataḥ prokto vibhūtervistaro mayā
English Translation
O destroyer of enemies, there is no limit to My divine manifestations. This description of (My) manifestations, however, has been stated by Me by way illustration.
AdiyogiArts gita-json · https://github.com/AdiyogiArts/gita-json (MIT License)
Explanation · English
It is impossible for anyone to describe or know the exact extent of the divine gloreis of the Lord. There is no limit to His powers or glories. What could be expressed of Him is nothing when compared to His infinte glories.Parantapa Scorcher of foes -- he who burns the internal enemies? lust? anger? greed? deluion? etc.
यद्यद्विभूतिमत्सत्त्वं श्रीमदूर्जितमेव वा
तत्तदेवावगच्छ त्वं मम तेजोंऽशसम्भवम्
യദ്യദ്വിഭൂതിമത്സത്ത്വം ശ്രീമദൂര്ജിതമേവ വാ
തത്തദേവാവഗച്ഛ ത്വം മമ തേജോംഽശസംഭവം
yadyadvibhūtimatsattvaṃ śrīmadūrjitameva vā
tattadevāvagaccha tvaṃ mama tejoṃśasambhavam
English Translation
Whatever object [All living beings] is verily endowed with majesty, possessed of prosperity, or is energetic, you know for certain each of them as having a part of My power as its source.
AdiyogiArts gita-json · https://github.com/AdiyogiArts/gita-json (MIT License)
अथवा बहुनैतेन किं ज्ञातेन तवार्जुन
विष्टभ्याहमिदं कृत्स्नमेकांशेन स्थितो जगत्
അഥവാ ബഹുനൈതേന കിം ജ്ഞാതേന തവാര്ജുന
വിഷ്ടഭ്യാഹമിദം കൃത്സ്നമേകാംശേന സ്ഥിതോ ജഗത്
athavā bahunaitena kiṃ jñātena tavārjuna
viṣṭabhyāhamidaṃ kṛtsnamekāṃśena sthito jagat
English Translation
Or, on the other hand, what is the need of your knowing this extensively, O Arjuna? I remain sustaning this whole creation in a special way with a part (of Myself).
AdiyogiArts gita-json · https://github.com/AdiyogiArts/gita-json (MIT License)
Explanation · English
The Lord concludes Having established or pervaded this whole world with one fragment of Myself? I remain.This verse is based on the declaration in the Purusha Sukta (RigVeda10.90.3) that One arter of Him is all the cosmos the three arters are the divine transcendent Reality.I exist supporting this whole world by one part? by one limit? or by one foot. One part of Myself constitutes all beings.All beings form His foot (Taittiriya Aranyaka 3.12). The whole world is one Pada or foot of the Lord. Amsa (part) or Pada (foot) is mere Kalpana or imagination or account of our own ignorance,or limiting adjunct. In reality Brahman is without any such parts or limbs and is formless.Arjuna has now a knowledge of the glories of the Lord. He is fit to behold the magnificent cosmic form of the Lord. Lord Krishna prepares Arjuna for this grand vision by giving him a description of His glories.Arjuna says O Lord? I now realise that the whole world is filled by Thee. I now wish to behold the whole universe in Thee with my eye of intuition.Thus in the Upanishads of the glorious Bhagavad Gita? the science of the Eternal? the scripture of Yoga? the dialogue between Sri Krishna and Arjuna? ends the tenth discourse entitledThe Yoga of the Divine Glories.,
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