Vedas
വേദങ്ങൾ
The four Vedas — Rig, Sama, Yajur and Atharva — the oldest layer of the tradition, preserved through oral recitation.
The Vedas are collections of hymns, ritual formulas and speculative verses composed in Vedic Sanskrit and transmitted in recitational lineages. Each Veda has its own samhita, and the tradition groups the accompanying Brahmana, Aranyaka and Upanishad literature with it.
Scriptures in this collection
Rigveda
ഋഗ്വേദം
The oldest of the four Vedas: 1,028 hymns in ten mandalas, addressed to the Vedic deities.
Samaveda
സാമവേദം
The Veda of melody, arranging verses largely from the Rigveda for ritual chant.
Yajurveda
യജുർവേദം
The Veda of sacrificial formulas, prose and verse, in Shukla and Krishna recensions.
Atharvaveda
അഥർവവേദം
The fourth Veda, with hymns, charms and speculative verses in twenty kandas.